100 days of blood: Mexico murder rate increases in 2019

According to official reports, Mexico’s murder rates increased to historic figures in the first three months of 2019. Authorities confirmed the death of 8,493 people from January 1st to March 31st which is a 9.6% rise compared to the same period in 2018.

This contradicts the publicly expressed aims of newly elected Mexican president Andres Manuel Lopez Obrador, who promised to decrease violence in Mexico during his presidential campaign and the creation of a new security force: The National Guard; a 80,000 person strong security force to be implemented by the end of 2019.

In 1997 homicide records began to be kept by the National System for Public Security (NSPS). Since this time, Mexico’s deadliest year was in 2018 when 33,369 people were killed. President Lopez Obrador has expressed that he has inherited a violent country from his predecessor who also targeted violence during his term and was responsible for the arrest of drug lord: Joaquin “El Chapo” Guzman.

Experts have expressed that even with successive Mexican presidents declaring a war on drugs in an attempt to defeat Mexico’s powerful drug cartels and even with the arrest of many high-profile cartel bosses, violence has not stopped. In fact, it has led to the number of victims rising with smaller cartels fighting for control in disputed areas. According to the NSPS, the state with the highest murder rate in 2019 was Guanajuato in central Mexico, where 947 people have been killed since the start of the year. This is the location of where two powerful cartel’s dispute control.

The weekend massacre of 2019

Thirteen people were killed in a club in Minatitlan, Veracruz. Investigations have revealed that rival cartels: Jalisco New Generation and Cartel dos Zetas are responsible for the act. Witnesses have confirmed that six masked men, heavily armed, approached the bar around 9pm local time, killing the bar’s owner and twelve others that were nearby, including a one-year old baby. Local police believe this type of crime is related to rival cartels controlling businesses around the region.

Kidnapping, extortion and oil theft are a few of the other activities local cartels practice in Veracruz.

Regulatory barriers to digital trade

What is being done by multilaterals and in free trade agreements to reduce the increase?

As technology promoting digital trade progressed, a regulatory sandbox was called for loudly by industry so industry could trial ideas without an overly heavy regulatory burden but now the biggest policy measure that impedes digital trade is data localisation. Some governments see data localisation as a way to keep their national businesses strong as companies that would see the benefit of a cloud are commonly foreign, trading across borders.

Some governments are requiring that foreign or multinational firms not use a cloud to house their data, which, as a result would require them to build local server infrastructure. Governments state that this is because they are concerned about privacy and security of their citizens.

In China, foreign companies need a Chinese partner to obtain a licence to use cloud services. Last year the Reserve Bank of India issued a directive that data from electronic payment systems needed to be stored locally. This limits data flows and impacts business.

To try to prevent this rush of regulation the APEC Cross Border Privacy Rules system (endorsed by APEC leaders in 2011) was created to address privacy concerns. The system includes voluntary principles for industry that can guide data protection practices and procedures. It also includes pre-packaged legal and privacy documents and a process for certification. In APEC style or voluntary participation, it prioritises harmonization and has been designed to interoperate with existing European frameworks.

There are other strategies and regulatory measures that governments can take to guide companies to protect the data of their customers. This includes binding corporate rules, contractual clauses and requirements on obtaining consent from customers. 

There is also progress happening in digital trade in the World Trade Organisation (WTO). In December 2017, during the WTO 11th Ministerial Conference (MC11), 70 WTO members signed a Joint Statement on e-commerce. This development sets the foundation for a future negotiation round on e-commerce to update international trade rules to keep pace with technological change. It was also agreed during the meeting to extend the moratorium on customs duties on electronic transmissions for another 2 years.

Australia uses clauses in free trade agreements (FTAs) to overcome data localisation regulations by our trading partners as seen in our newest FTA, the Indonesia-Australia Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (IA-CEPA), signed on 4 March 2019. Under IA-CEPA, Indonesia will not be able to make its laws more restrictive on the local storage of data.

The resuscitated Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP), now called the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for TPP (CPTTP) entered into force on 30 December 2018 for Australia, Canada, Japan, Mexico, New Zealand and Singapore. In January 2019 Vietnam also signed on. This altered agreement went ahead without original negotiators: the USA, Chile, Peru, Brunei Darussalam and Malaysia. CPTPP delivered breakthroughs for participating economies to promote the free flow of data across borders for service suppliers and investors as part of business activities. CPTPP countries have committed not to impose ‘localisation requirements’ that would force businesses to build data storage centres or use local computing facilities in CPTPP markets.

Is a Latin American dictatorship close to collapse?

2019 has only just began and the World has turned its eyes to Venezuela.

Tensions have escalated after tens of thousands protesters streamed on to the street of Caracas to what has been described as the final push to force Nicolas Maduro from power.

The once stable South American country is stuck in a downward spiral of inflation, general shortages and political discontent, with many Venezuelans placing blame for the crisis directly at Maduro’s government.

Tensions rose in the Latin America country when many of Venezuela’s neighbours did not recognize the re-election of Nicolas Maduro, for another 6 years mandate. Instead, Maduro’s opposition leader, Juan Guaido, is recognised as the legitimate president by many South American nations, including: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Peru and Columbia. The USA has publicly recognized Guaido as the country’s legitimate President.

To intensify its support, The USA has implemented sanctions preventing state oil company, PDVSA, from taking profits on crude exports to American refineries, cutting off the main source of Venezuelan government revenue, placing Maduro under pressure to step aside in favour of Guaido’s leadership.

Australia, the UK and European Union support Guaido, while Russia and China have demonstrated their support to Nicolas Maduro or focus on stability and social order, demonstrating their deep financial ties to Venezuela. Both Nations are against a potential American intervention and praise a Venezuelan response from political crisis.

How Venezuela’s political crisis unfolded?

March 2013 - Vice president Nicolas Maduro took office after Hugo Chavez died of cancer

February 2014 – Venezuelan forces arrest opposition leader Leopoldo Lopez on charges which led to a wave of protests against the government

December 2015 – Oil prices collapsed, there was prolonged recession and rising inflation

July 2017 – Venezuela calls a referendum which is a process usually held for rewriting the constitution, leading to accusations that Maduro is undermining democracy

May 2018 – Maduro gets re-elected with allegations of vote-buying by the government. United States and Lima group do not recognize the results

January 2019 – Maduro initiates his second six-year term, ignoring the advice of several Latin American governments. Unknown opposition lawmaker, Juan Guaido, swears himself in as interim president. Getting recognised by the United States and many of Venezuela’s neighbours

February 2019 – General Francisco Yanez calls on armed forces to rebel against Maduro and his government. Nicolas Maduro refuses humanitarian help coming from Columbia and Brazil, closing both boarders with armed militia.

Author: Yuri Maia is a Geopolitical Analyst at Informed Australia

This article can be republished with attribution under a Creative Commons Licence

Which party will improve public transport??

Both major parties will build an Airport Rail through Sunshine, add stations in the West of Melbourne, build a fast regional train and extend train lines from Cranbourne to Clyde.

 

Daniel Andrews (LABOR): In the last 4yrs has already..

-          Started building Metro Metro (to take pressure off the city loop)

-          Started planning a high-speed rail from Geelong to Melbourne then Ballarat and Bendigo with $50m allocated in the 18-19 Budget

-          Been making improvements through the $1.75 billion Regional Rail Revival project which began in 2016 and will continue to upgrade every regional passenger line

-          Ordered 65 new High Capacity Metro Trains, all to be built in Victoria with 60% local content and a requirement to have 15% Victorian apprentices, trainees and cadets.

-          Extended rail line South Morang to Mernda

If re-elected will:

-        Build Suburban Rail Loop adding Monash, Burwood, Doncaster, Bundoora stations to the system and making regional lines enter Melbourne’s train system where they meet instead of all going to Southern Cross ie at Wyndham Vale and Melton coming from the West, Broadmeadows from the North and Clayton from the East.

-        Put in $100m to develop a business case into fast regional rail which includes a new metro to Melton and Wyndham Vale, electrification of rail lines out to the west and considerations to build a tunnel between the CBD and Sunshine

-        duplicating the single section of track between Deer Park and Melton

-        $750 million to duplicate an 8-kilometre stretch of single track between Dandenong and Cranbourne to allow services to be run every 10 minutes.

Matthew Guy (LIBERAL):

-        ‘European-style’ fast trains on all major regional lines

-        Will add South Yarra Station to the Melbourne Metro

-        Extend train line Frankston to Baxter with two new stations at Frankston East and Langwarrin and upgrades to Baxter station

-        $300 million to duplicate the Hurstbridge railway line between Greensborough and Eltham stations

-        Rebuild Montmorency station

 

Samantha Ratnam (GREENS):

-        Will add South Yarra Station to the Melbourne Metro

-        $8.5 billion for their Train Transformation Plan turn up and go services every 10 minutes between 6am and 9pm, seven days a week, on Melbourne’s key train and tram services

-        Rail extensions

-        New rail lines to service Doncaster and from Caulfield-Rowville

-        Planning for Melbourne Metro 2 which includes a rail tunnel from Clifton Hill to Newport, new stations in Fitzroy and Fisherman’s Bend, rail extensions to Wollert and Wyndham Vale.

-        Also supports Cranbourne to Clyde rail extension

-        Electric trains on the Melton line

 

Has the Andrews Government done anything about crime??

Yes...

In 2017 the Andrews Labor Government made mandatory minimum sentences for carjacking, aggravated carjacking, home invasion and aggravated home invasion, regardless of age.

This month the Andrews Government is introducing legislation to Parliament that will introduce mandatory minimum sentences for assaulting emergency service workers. The law will also scrap “special reasons” a magistrate can cite to spare an offender from prison, with “psychosocial immaturity” for those aged between 18 and 20, and intoxication, no longer eligible.

These perpetrators are being sentenced...but then also appealing their convictions.

Next step is also making “difficult childhood/upbringing”, mental impairment and drug use ineligible to spare an offender prison. More important is restricting those eligible to apply for appeal if they have been convicted of violent crime.

CEO liability for the bad conduct of their companies

Our favourite recent legislation proposed changes are that individuals will now be liable for the crimes and bad conduct that their companies undertake. A huge win for community expectations.

Bills were read in Parliament that would enforce laws:

Making bosses and staff personally accountable (including jail time) for crimes that their banks/companies commit. This ensures a top-down focus on ethical and lawful business conduct.

There will be stronger consequences for crimes in the financial sector as an outcome from the royal commission into banking through Treasury Laws Amendment (APRA Governance) Bill 2018 (p.2,3&4). It states that a new organisation will be created this year: the Australian Financial Complaints Authority to create a complaints mechanism which has teeth and doesn’t require customers who want to make complaints to require lawyers so there is no legal costs for those wanting to complain.

Additional resources and powers have been given to ASIC to pursue and prosecute individuals in the banking sector, with increased penalties of up to almost $1 million and maximum jail time extended from 5 to 10 years. For organisations, fine limits have increased to $200 million.  

Stopping animal cruelty – ensuring live exporters behave ethically by having criminal penalties for CEOs. This means that we don’t need to ban it because bosses will ensure that it is conducted in an ethical way or will take the blame. The Export Legislation Amendment (Live-stock) Bill 2018 (p.10&11) will increase and introduce new criminal offences and penalties for unacceptable conduct for live-stock exporters. Executive officers who fail to take reasonable steps to prevent the disobeying of the law will be held personally liable.

Financial institutions will now pay for their own regulation through 4 new proposed Bills. (Corporations (Fees) Amendment (ASIC Fees) Bill 2018 (p.7, 8&9) National Consumer Credit Protection (Fees) Amendment (ASIC Fees) Bill 2018 (p.9) Superannuation Auditor Registration Imposition Amendment (ASIC Fees) Bill 2018 (p.9&10) and Superannuation Industry (Supervision) Amendment (ASIC Fees) Bill 2018 .

Financial institutions will bear the cost to be regulated via levies, not taxpayers! This will encourage regulatory compliance, as good conduct will reduce supervisory levies that banks need to pay!

Prevent corporate fraud with the Phoenix Taskforce. Phoenixing is a type of corporate fraud and involves businesses who don't pay their bills and deliberately liquidate to walk away from their obligations then restart their operations under a different name and ABN. A taskforce has already been set up to locate and prosecute company directors with jail time and ban them from holding a directorship again. Jail time is also a consequence for accomplices associated with this fraud ie tax agents etc.

In the first half of 2017–18, 187 audit and reviews were conducted. Prosecution has so far raised $214.4 million in liabilities with $72.8 million in cash. This money has been collected and returned to the community. (https://www.ato.gov.au/General/The-fight-against-tax-crime/Our-focus/Illegal-phoenix-activity/Phoenix-Taskforce/) Members of the community can report illegal phoenix activity by phone on 1800 060 062 or by email at phoenix@ato.gov.au

 

Noteworthy good legislation being discussed in Parliament (24 May 2018)

Workers are being further protected from employers trying to not pay their employees full superannuation entitlements. Treasury Laws Amendment (2018 Superannuation Measures No. 1) Bill 2018 – second reading (p.6&7)

95% of superannuation guarantee obligations are paid in full but in 2014-15, around $2.85 billion went unpaid. This bill gives the ATO the tools it needs to detect future noncompliance and punish it appropriately, including with criminal sanctions in the worst cases. This bill introduces a one-off amnesty to employers who come forward and rectify any historical noncompliance with their superannuation guarantee obligations. The amnesty runs for twelve months, beginning 24 May 2018, and applies to any historical superannuation guarantee debts up to and including the March quarter of 2018.

Help small business Treasury Laws Amendment (Accelerated Depreciation for Small Business Entities) Bill 2018 – second reading (p.1&2)

Extension of the 2015-16 budgeted $20,000 instant write-off to businesses for a further 12 months until 30 June 2019. Eligibility has been widened to help businesses with larger turnovers, lifted from $2 million to $10 million annually which means that more businesses can claim this tax offset.

Look after veterans mental health and re-entering back into Australian society Veterans' Affairs Legislation Amendment (Veteran-centric Reforms No. 2) Bill 201 (p.14&15)

3 changes are proposed: a veteran who is studying full time as part of an approved return to work rehabilitation plan to be paid their incapacity payments at 100% of their normal weekly earning after 45 weeks, this is a rise from the current rate of 75%.

There is a Veteran Suicide Prevention Pilot, which provides services to ensure the veterans are accessing treatment and mental health support to reduce the risk of suicide and enhance their quality of life. The pilot will deliver a 'step down' service that takes into account factors that may lead to suicide, such as primary health, financial stress, housing and employment.

It is proposed that the partners of veterans will have 2 years rather than the current 6 months to choose how to receive compensation in the terrible case of their partner's death. The choice is as a weekly payment, lump sum or a combination of both.

Improve standards of the aged care sector Aged Care (Single Quality Framework) Reform Bill 2018 (p.16&17)

Create a competitive, market-based system where consumers drive quality and where red tape is reduced for providers of aged care. There will now be a single set of consumer focused quality standards to be called the Aged Care Quality Standards, to apply to providers of Commonwealth funded aged care. The CEO of the Australian Aged Care Quality Agency will also have the power to assess the quality of care services.

Continue to address multinational tax avoidance Treasury Laws Amendment (Tax Integrity and Other Measures No. 2) Bill 2018 Second Reading (p.17&18) This bill continues the Turnbull government's work on combating multinational tax avoidance. It implements the OECDs hybrid mismatch rules, which are designed to strengthen the integrity of the tax system.

The government has also increased penalties for companies who fail to take reasonable care when making statements to the ATO and has expanded the ATO's capacity through the Tax Avoidance Taskforce. These rules are designed to prevent multinational companies from exploiting differences in the tax treatment of instruments or entities between jurisdictions, which enable those companies to defer or reduce tax.

Prevent terrorism Counter-Terrorism Legislation Amendment Bill (No. 1) 2018 (p.11,12&13) 

Counter terrorism powers will continue for a further three years, until 7 September 2021. This includes:

-        A control order regime (which is ordered on an individual by a court and includes curfews, wearing electronic monitoring tags, restrictions on use of telecommunications, regular reporting to police).

-        Preventative detention order regime (where individuals can be detailed when there is a threat of a terrorist attack that is capable of being carried out within the next 14 days or immediately after a terrorist act if it is likely vital evidence will be lost).

-        Declared areas offences (to stop Australians who travel to conflict zones in Syria and Iraq and return to Australia with skills and intentions acquired from fighting or training with terrorist groups.

-        Stop, search and seize (these powers allow police to request a person to provide their name, address and certain other details, to stop and detain a person to conduct a search for terrorism related items, to seize terrorism related items in Commonwealth places such as airports, and to enter premises without a warrant)

Innovation is popping up in ex-mining communities (reported in Constituency Statements p.82)

Morwell is the location where the privately run Hazelwood Coal Power Station closed due to the high costs associated with maintaining it. This is where a not-for-profit cooperative enterprise recycling factory called Earthworker Cooperative Project has been set up. It manufactures goods including solar hot water pumps and tank systems, a sodium-nickel-chloride battery, which uses non-toxic saltwater as an alternative to lead based lithium batteries. This is helping the local community replace coal with environmentally friendly innovation.

Keeping older people active and not be penalised to contribute to society in retirements (p. 42 of members' statements)

On recommendation from the Seniors Forum, from 1 July 2019 people on the aged pension will be able to earn $300 per fortnight, rather than the current $250 per fortnight before they have their pension cut. This keeps citizens active.

A cashless debit card trial was implemented in the electorate of O'Connor, WA. (p. 57 of Questions without notice). Western Australian police data has indicated that the domestic and non-domestic assault rate in the Goldfields is more than twice the Western Australia average. Alcohol-related hospitalisations and deaths were 25% higher than the Western Australia state average in 2007-11.

More than 2,600 cards have been issued, and 80% of people have self-activated their cards over the phone or online. Parliamentarians were told how the check-outs were seeing less alcohol and more food and essentials being bought. They commented that they had seen families buy groceries that they had never seen in the store before. The trial will be expanded.

Reduce welfare needs though a study on families that become 'trapped' in the welfare system with a Select Committee on Intergenerational Welfare Dependence (p.19,20&21 of members' statements)

It was announced by the Coalition that the enquiry will focus on why some families require welfare assistance for short periods only and why others become 'trapped' in the system. In response Labour contacted relevant stakeholders (ACOSS, the Brotherhood of St Laurence, Catholic Social Services and St Vincent de Paul) who said that it would be better if best-practice interventions in breaking cycles of disadvantage should be the focus of any committee.

A positive case study was highlighted during Parliament of the excellent work going on in Logan in South-East Queensland, an area that has a very high percentage of children who are considered to be developmentally vulnerable and at risk associated with pockets of deep social disadvantage. Logan Together arose from the local community as a means to develop strong and stable families that have adequate access to resources and opportunities.

Initiatives to grow our financial services industry - facilitating market opportunities for the funds management sector. Corporations (Review Fees) Amendment Bill 2018 (p.5&6)

The bill helps implement the Asia Region Funds Passport framework which the government committed to by signing the international memorandum of cooperation in April 2016. An initiative which gives fund managers the ability to attract foreign clients from signatory countries (Thailand, Japan, Korea, New Zealand, observed by Singapore, Philippines and Hong Kong) and allow their funds access to international opportunities, all in all helping facilitate international capital mobilisation.

Cybersecurity and medical efficiency/privacy (p.55 of members' statements).

Last week, the Turnbull government announced the rollout of phase 2 of My Health Record. The rollout means that every Australian's private health information will be stored online unless they opt out.

Australia Day (p. 58 Questions without notice)

Labour are interested in changing the date of Australia Day, Mr Tudge (Aston—Minister for Citizenship and Multicultural Affairs) thinks mainstream Australians are very against the move.